The New Audiophile Confusion, Part One

By Bill Heck

For many years, assembling a
good two-channel audio system was straightforward. Put together one or a few
sources, a preamplifier, an amplifier, and speakers – done. You might agonize
over brands and choices – this preamp, that amp – but you knew which components
did what.

The sources might have
included, depending on your tastes and habits, an LP record player, a CD
player, and perhaps an FM tuner. If you were really into audio, you might
complicate the record playing device by selecting your own combination of
turntable, arm, and cartridge. On the other end, if you were on the less
finicky side, you might simplify by combining preamp and amp into an integrated
amplifier, or perhaps adding a tuner to the integrated amp in the form of a
receiver. But that was it, the lines were clear: sources to preamp to amp to
speakers. Done.

The lines are clear no
longer. The phono part hasn’t changed much. But the rise of digital sources and
processing have made all sorts of combinations possible – and if it’s possible,
some manufacturer probably is making it.

It started innocently enough
with separating the parts of CD players: a CD transport to spin the disk and
extract the digital signal, and a separate digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to
– well, that’s obvious. This division of labor appealed to the more
tweaking-oriented audiophiles, the same folks who would choose their own
turntable/arm/cartridge combinations for LPs. But then things got out of hand.

I blame it on the
availability of high-quality music file downloads and the rise of streaming. Of
course, we have had MP3s streaming on smartphones for ages, but this was hardly
of interest to those with audiophile chops. But then along came high-resolution
music files that you could download and store on a hard drive in your home – no
CDs needed. More recently, Tidal and Qobuz and Idagio and Primephonic and a
bunch of others, now including the 800-pound gorilla, Amazon, came along to
stream tons of music at CD or higher quality in real time. No downloaded files
needed either.

So, let’s see what happens
with your audio system. You already have a DAC in your CD player. You buy a
device to store and play downloaded music files, and it not only has a DAC to
connect to an analog input on your preamp, but it also might have what amounts
to an entire desktop computer inside to index all those files and let you
control the action. Then you buy a streaming device and, yes, it also has a
DAC. Obviously, having three different DACs doing the same thing is a waste, so
perhaps manufacturers should produce streamers and file storage/players without
the DAC, assuming you would connect everything to that one central outboard
DAC.

Ah! We have it figured out:
the new paradigm is sources (CD transport, file storage device, streaming device),
all feeding a DAC that in turn connects to a preamp.

But wait! Given that everyone
is now using at least one digital source, what if we combine the DAC and the
preamp? But wait! If we’re going to do that, we could make the entire preamp
(except for the connection to the power amp) digital. This would allow us to do
source selection and signal processing in the digital domain, converting to
analog only at the end of the chain. But wait! While we’re at it, let’s adapt
some features often found in multi-channel receivers, such as subwoofer
outputs, to the two-channel world. But wait! We have all that other digital
stuff going on, so we could easily add the streaming function to our preamp –
all we need is a WiFi or ethernet connection and we’re in business.

But wait! With all this
digital processing power lying around, let’s think outside the box, or in this
case the boxes, and add room correction to the mix. After all, those who have
been around audio for a while know a dirty little secret: one of the most
important “components”, some even say the most important, is the room.
(Others say that the most important component is between your ears, but we’re
not going there today.) Most of us manage to ignore the effect of the room,
perhaps because it is simply a part of the background, or maybe because there
usually is so little that we can do about it. And really, isn’t it much more
fun to think that the next shiny box, the next upgraded component, will work
some sonic miracle in that less-than-perfect room?

Swapping components or using
gadgets and tweaks may indeed improve some things. (Or, in the gadgets and
tweaks case, may make you feel better even if they do nothing to change the
sound.) But even if they do, you’re still stuck with the room and its potential
– or likely – acoustic problems. Better speakers obviously will upgrade the
sound, but even great speakers may continue to struggle in less-than-ideal
rooms, which is most rooms. Changing room characteristics in significant ways,
in turn, is out of reach for all but the most dedicated, the wealthiest, and
those who are willing to put up with truly awful aesthetics – and who live
alone or with partners who are similarly oblivious to room appearance.

The solution: room
correction. Today’s digital processing power makes it possible to improve the
response at the listening position by adjusting the output of the speakers. Oh
sure, audiophiles have played with equalizers for years, but equalizers were,
by today’s standards, primitive, and using them was excruciatingly difficult.
Room correction promises to change all that. As to where it goes in the chain,
it works by altering the outgoing music signal, so the room correction
processor should come just before the signal is amplified and fed to the speakers. 

Hooray! Finally! We’ve
figured out which parts go in which components.

Or not. Different
manufacturers have different ideas about just what should be combined with
what. Indeed, it’s worse than that: different series and models from the
very same manufacturers provide different combinations of functions in
seemingly similar components.

Examples abound. Multiple
digital sources are becoming common, which logically suggests removing the DACs
from source components and instead relying on a single,
high-quality “central” one. Despite this, most CD players still include DACs,
and some include very high-end, expensive DACs at that. Meanwhile, the few
transport-only CD spinners still available are super high-end,
multi-thousand-dollar items; where are the reasonably priced DAC-less ones?
Some DAC-containing CD players, though, now accept digital inputs from other
sources (e.g., steaming devices), while others even include streaming
capabilities. Are these really preamps in disguise? Meanwhile, some separate
DACs now handle streaming, but still require a preamp, while some preamps
include DACs but not streaming. And then there are combinations that are more
like integrated amps, combining digital inputs and even streaming with
preamp/power amp combinations. It turns out to be remarkably difficult to find
a single combination of components to handle the whole sequence – all the
desired inputs (CD, file playback, streaming, phono), digital to audio conversion,
all preamp functions, and power amplification – without duplicating some
functionality, be it multiple DACs, multiple streaming capabilities, or
something else. Throw in advanced signal processing (subwoofer control, room
correction) and the situation is even worse: your poor tired music might go
through multiple digital to audio conversions and back again, passing through
several sets of cables, before making it to the power amp, much less to the
speakers. Oh, did I mention a headphone amp in there somewhere?

So far as I know, no
manufacturer has integrated everything from sources to power amp in one box.
Some have come close, but with slightly different combinations of functions.
True, there may be good reasons for separating some components. For example, CD
transports are mechanical devices (and some people want SACD or Blu-ray
capabilities), so perhaps they should be kept apart for easy repair or
replacement. The requirements for a power amp are more related to the speakers
in use than to anything on the front end – and active speakers make a power amp
superfluous – so it makes sense to keep that separate. But we still have a
rather confusing mess on our hands.

I hesitate to make it all
sound even worse, but, well, it is even worse. We also need to consider remote
controls, which are morphing into apps.

Before the explosion of
digital sources, controlling the components was simple. If you played LPs, you
pulled out the record, put in on the table, started it turning, and dropped the
needle in the groove: all manual processes, no remote control needed. With CDs,
you still loaded the player manually, so the remote control was limited to
functions such as starting, pausing, and skipping tracks. Most preamps did not
even have remote controls; if yours did, you could select a source, adjust the
volume, and maybe manipulate the tone controls. You may have had separate
remotes for the CD player and preamp, but you really needed only a few buttons
on each. Two remotes might be mildly annoying on occasion, but it all worked
out.

But in our new digital world, you need control far beyond
what can be accomplished with a small set of buttons. If you download digital
files onto a storage device, that device might have hundreds or thousands of
tracks; meanwhile, your streaming service has millions. Thus, we need software
that communicates with you (to allow you to select and play the music that you
want), with the file storage device or streaming service (to show you what
music is available and to tell the device or service to send the music to the
audio component) and the audio component (to tell the component to receive the
music and play it through the system, as well as to control the basic
functionality such as source selection and volume control). To make it more complicated,
we really would like the software to organize all those downloaded files rather
than just displaying you a gigantic random list. And even more complication:
each streaming service has a different software interface; the software needs
to know how to talk to each of them. Finally, this software will run on your
smartphone or tablet, which means that it must work on your platform of choice:
Windows, Mac OS, Android, or iPhone iOS.

Now imagine that you have one
device to play downloaded files, another for streaming services, and then a
regular preamp. You might have three completely different apps with completely
different interfaces – and don’t forget the remote control for the CD player.
Mind-boggling.

What is the poor, confused,
music-loving-but-frugal audiophile to do? Next time, we’ll look at one
solution.

BH

Brown: Wild Symphony (Digital review)

Miran Vaupotic, Zagreb Festival Orchestra. PARMA
Recordings.

By John J. Puccio
 

Yes, THAT Dan Brown.
 
Who’d have thought Dan Brown, who wrote the best-selling
series of Robert Langdon thrillers (Angels and Demons, The Da Vinci
Code, Inferno, etc.), would follow them up with a children’s book
and a “symphony” to go with it? Seems Mr. Brown considered a career in music
working as a composer and lyricist before he became a full-time writer. I guess
now that he has conquered the world of adult fiction, he decided to turn to
children’s books and children’s music.
 
The music is, in fact, children’s music. Not that adults
can’t enjoy it, but it is highly derivative, rather brief and direct, and meant
primarily to accompany his book Wild Symphony with sound. The book
describes animals, and the music describes the animals. Here’s the way Brown
explains it: “My intent with Wild Symphony is to provide a fun, fresh
opportunity for families, parents, children, and people of all ages to
reconnect with the magical experience of classical music. Wild Symphony
is a very wild symphony indeed, and offers a refreshingly real experience for
children of all ages.” He goes on to say, “Music is a kind of storytelling, and
the orchestral movements in Wild Symphony--combined with their accompanying
poems and illustrations--all work together (like a code, of sorts!) to tell a
story and reveal a funny or interesting side of an animal’s personality. If you
listen carefully, you might be able to find each animal hiding in the music.”
 
I doubt that the music of Wild Symphony not
actually being a symphony at all but a medley of very short tone poems will put
anybody off. It is what it is, and The Carnival of Animals it ain’t.
Brown says his inspirations for the music were Saint-Saens’s Carnival,
Prokofiev’s Peter and the Wolf, and Britten’s Young Person’s Guide
to the Orchestra. Only unlike those composer’s aforementioned music, Brown
aimed Wild Symphony squarely at very young children, say three to ten
years old.
 
Still, imitative though it may be, there is much an adult
can enjoy in the music. It is sprightly and attentive, and Maestro Miran
Vaupotic and the Zagreb Festival Orchestra play it with professional aplomb and
high good humor. If a few parents don’t already have the Saint-Saens,
Prokofiev, and Britten works, Brown’s book and music might persuade them to
seek out the longer, more-serious stuff, which is not a bad idea at all.
 
Here’s a rundown of the disc’s twenty-one tracks:
01. Maestro Mouse
02. Woodbird Welcome
03. Bouncing Kangaroo
04. Clumsy Kittens
05. The Ray
06. happy Hippo
07. Frogs in a Bog
08. Anxious Ostrich
09. The Armadillo Shell
10. Dancing Bear
11. Impatient Ponies
12. Wondrous Whale
13. Cheetah Chase
14. Eager Elephant
15. Rat Attack
16. Busy Beetles
17. Spiders on a Web
18. Brilliant Bat
19. Swan in the Mist
20. Cricket Lullaby
21. Maestro Mouse Reprise
 

As you can see from the work’s program, it bears a strong
similarity to Saint-Saens’s Carnival of the Animals in a kind of
condensed version, which Brown freely admits, right down to the “Swan” toward
the end. The main difference is that Brown’s little tone poems are briefer (one
to four minutes each) and more obviously suited to the ears of small children
than Saint-Saens’s music. Yet, as I say, that’s not a bad thing. My own first
love of classical music came when I was about six years old, listening to the Big
Jon and Sparkie radio show where host Jon Arthur would play classical
clips, and I would whistle or hum along with them. I would hope that Brown’s
music and book could do the same for children today.
 
I was reminded throughout Brown’s Wild Symphony of
Disney’s Silly Symphonies, those early cartoons with accompanying
orchestral music. It’s movie music of a kind. Naturally, things get off to a
rousing start with “Maestro Mouse,” a real curtain-raising overture. The rest
are appropriately impressionistic or literal as the job requires. I liked the
representation of “The Ray” in particular, with its mellifluous, sinuous,
gliding tone, as well as “Swan in the Mist” for its sweet agility and “Rat
Attack” for its quaint orientalism. Things like “Happy Hippo” and “Frogs in a
Bog” are sillier renderings and should delight children of all ages.
 
And so it goes. For parents of younger kids, the book and
its accompanying music might be a winning combination.
 
Producers Bob Lord, Kresimir Selerkovic, and Jeff LeRoy
and engineer Jan Kosulic recorded the music at Blagoje Bersa Concert Hall at
the Music Academy of the University of Zagreb, Croatia in December 2018 and
March and June 2019. The music is available via download, streaming, or the
PARMA app. As producer Lord puts it, “The app is extraordinary. The effect of
simply holding the phone over the book to hear the music, magically jumping
from one animal and musical movement to another, is really something.” I
listened to a CD that PARMA was kind enough to burn for me so I could hear on
my big speakers.
 
The sound is recorded somewhat closely, but it still has a
pleasantly realistic ambient air about it, and it never hits you in the face.
The instruments are nicely rounded without being soft or dull, just natural.
The whole might have benefited from a little more orchestral depth, but that’s
of little concern. Strong, wide dynamics further enhance a good thing.

To view the world premiere of Wild Symphony live, visit Dan Brown's Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?v=259028005447708&ref=watch_permalink.

JJP
 
To listen to a brief excerpt from this album, click below:

Whitacre: The Sacred Veil (CD Review)

Los Angeles Master Chorale, Grant Gershon,
Artistic Director; Eric Whitacre, conductor; Lisa Edwards, piano; Jeffrey
Zeigler, cello. Signum SIGCD630.

Composer Eric Whitacre (b. 1970) is a
gifted composer and choral conductor whose work always seems to be bursting
with energy, imagination, and beauty. His style is a mixture of the simple and
the complex, with melodies that are beguiling and straightforward on the
surface but often expressed in harmonies that can stretch, soar, and bedazzle.
His energy does not confine itself to his composing, as he also is active as a
conductor. With the rise of the internet and technologies for interacting
electronically, he has recently been active in assembling “virtual choirs” that
feature singers from throughout the world joyfully blending their voices under
his direction and stewardship.

Whitacre composed The Sacred Veil in
with his friend and frequent collaborator Charles Anthony Silvestri, who wrote
the lyrics, which revolve around the death from cancer of his late wife, Julia
Lawrence Silvestri. As you might surmise from those circumstances, The
Sacred Veil is an intensely personal, deeply moving work of art; moreover,
this Signum CD is rewarding in many different ways.

One of the interesting qualities of The
Sacred Veil is the way it balances intimacy with expression. The lyrics
focus on the really private story of Julia’s passing, told from the perspective
of her husband, Charles. At the same time, the lyrics are used to evoke
Silvestri’s concept of a thin veil that separates the past from the future, the
living from the dead, the temporal from the eternal. A simple concept
intellectually, but packed with mystery and complexity as a lived experience.
Whitacre’s musical setting of the lyrics uses simple melodies played by the
piano and the cello to provide a ground for the sometimes straightforward,
sometimes soaringly complex choral parts.

Just listen to the opening measures, with a
simple melody on the piano soon joined by a tone from the cello, the choir then
joining in with some exquisite harmonizing that draws the listener right into
the lyrics and thus into the story. By the time the final movements arrive, the
vocal harmonies have become more layered, more complex, but the piano and cello
still are there to provide a solid foundation for the harmonic structure of the
voices. A particularly moving choral device that Whitacre uses to great effect
are sliding harmonies in the voices as the lyrics reflect Silvestri’s thoughts
and emotions in the immediate aftermath of his wife’s passing in the
penultimate movement, “You Rise, I Fall,” an incredibly moving portrait of grief
built upon love and hope.

Following the music there is a recorded
interview with Silvestri and Whitacre. Such appendices to a musical performance
can be annoying, but Silvestri and Whitacre offer an explanation of the meaning
of the work and the creative process that the two of them used to bring the
piece to fruition. The interview provides insights into The Sacred Veil
that makes the listener want to listen to the music again, and again, and
again.

Insight into the recording is also provided
by the liner notes, which include a brief foreword by Grant Gershon, an
introduction to the background story underlying the lyrics by Silvestri, and a
movement-by-movement essay on the music by Whitacre. The liner notes also
include background information and photographs for not only Whitacre and
Silvestri, but also for the Los Angeles Master Chorale, pianist Lisa Edwards,
and cellist Jeffrey Ziegler. Seeing information provided for all involved just
seems to add to the cooperative, supportive, intimate, indeed loving feeling
engendered by both the music and the interview contained in this generously
filled (nearly 80 minutes) compact disc. Even the austere but expressive
black-and-white cover art feels perfectly appropriate for this release.

Last but not least, the recorded sound is
of such excellent quality (Fred Vogler was the recording engineer) that the
listener is not likely to really even think about it. The music is just there,
sounding utterly natural and unstrained. This is a magnificent CD that I cannot
recommend too highly. I hope you find it as moving and inspiring as I do.

Bonus Recommendations:
Whitacre has several commercial CD recordings available, notably Light and
Gold (2010) and Water Night (2012) on the Decca label. The former is
all-choral, while the latter also feature some orchestral compositions. Another
fine all-choral collection is Cloudburst and Other Choral Works (2007)
on Hyperion. A release easy to overlook but wonderful to hear is The
Complete A Cappella Works 1991-2001 (2007) performed by the Brigham Young
University Singers on the Arsis label. They may be an amateur group, but both
the performances and the engineering are first-class. Finally, a work by
Whitacre that is a must-hear is Deep Field, orchestral music that
Whitacre composed based on images of deep space from the Hubble space telescope.
It is not available on CD as of this writing, but you can find links at
Whitacre’s website, ericwhitacre.com.

To listen to a brief excerpt from this
album, click below:

Beethoven: Piano Concerto No. 4 (CD review)

Also Coriolan and The Creatures of Prometheus
Overtures. Kristian Bezuidenhout, fortepiano; Pablo Heras-Casado, Freiburger
Barockorchester. Harmonia Mundi HMM 902413.

By John J. Puccio

Another Beethoven Fourth Piano Concerto? So, what
sets this one apart from the other 800 recordings of the concerto in the
catalogue? Well, for starters, this one is played by a period-instrument
ensemble, the Freiburg Baroque Orchestra, and they’re pretty darn good. Second,
the soloist is Kristian Bezuidenhout, and he, too, is pretty darned good. And
to cap off a good thing, Bezuidenhout plays the piece on a copy of an 1824
Graff fortepiano, one that might have been used in Beethoven’s own time. If
it’s authenticity you’re after, this issue might be the ticket.

Beethoven wrote his Piano Concerto No. 4 in G, Op.
58 between 1805 and 1806 (around the same time he wrote the Fourth Symphony
and parts of the Fifth Symphony) premiering it in 1807 with the composer
himself as soloist. The opening movement is melodic, with the piano part often
sounding improvisatory. Beethoven scored the slow movement for piano and
strings, keeping it fairly poetic with a slightly agitated orchestral
accompaniment, leading quietly into the finale. Then, we get a passionate,
tempestuous, yet gracefully rhythmic third movement. Here, you name it;
Beethoven goes for broke.

The fortepiano had its heyday in the late eighteenth and
early nineteenth centuries, so it’s the instrument that Haydn, Mozart, and
Beethoven would have written for until the fortepiano evolved into the modern
grand piano. The sound of the fortepiano isn’t quite as well-rounded as a
modern piano, not as rich, mellow, or resonant. The highs of a fortepiano still
sound a little tinkly or ringing, and the lows don’t sound as plush.
Nevertheless, Bezuidenhout coaxes some luxurious sounds from it, and the
Freiburg ensemble accompany him with an easy precision, Maestro Heras-Casado
ensuring that the playing never sounds hectic or rushed.

Bezuidenhout performs the piece with a combination of
poetic refinement and virtuosic zest. In the first movement he handles the
lyricism of the opening beautifully and moves gracefully into moments of
inspired spontaneity. In the Andante con Moto, Bezuidenhout takes
advantage of the music’s contrasts to create a highly volatile slow movement,
the perfect vehicle to transition into the music’s vivacious finale. So, while
the performance as a whole may not quite displace my favorite recording on
modern instruments by Stephen Kovacevich, it is among the very best
period-instrument versions now available.

For companion pieces, Harmonia Mundi fill out the disc
with two more Beethoven works, the Coriolan and The Creatures of
Prometheus Overtures (1807 and 1801). Again, it’s nice hearing them
played by a period-instrument band and sounding probably close to what
Beethoven might have heard in his day if he weren’t going deaf. Incidentally,
the program opens with the more dramatic Coriolan Overture, which makes
a good curtain raiser.

Producer and editor Martin Sauer and engineer Tobias
Lehmann, both of Teldex Studio Berlin, recorded the music at the Ensemblehaus
Freiburg in December 2017. The piano is well placed, not too far out in front
of the orchestra, and the orchestra is well spread out around the soloist.
Dynamics are quite good, and detailing is more than adequate. The lower
treble/upper midrange can at times seem a trifle forward, especially during
moments of loudest expression, but it is not a worrisome issue. In all, the
recording is quite realistic and enjoyable.

JJP

To listen to a brief excerpt from this album, click
below:

Weinberg: Clarinet Music (CD Review)

Clarinet Concerto, Op. 104 (1970); Clarinet Sonata, Op. 28 (1945);
Chamber Symphony No. 4, Op. 153 for clarinet, triangle, and string orchestra
(1992). Robert Oberaigner, clarinet; Michael Schöch, piano; Michail Jurowski,
Dresden Chamber Soloists. Naxos 8.574192.

By Karl W. Nehring

Polish-born Soviet composer Mieczysław
Weinberg (1939-1996) was also known as Moisey or Moishe Vainberg, Moisey
Samuilovich Vaynberg, and you will occasionally run across older recordings
with one of the alternative names, although for more recent recordings,
“Mieczysław Weinberg” is now the standard spelling. Weinberg fled Europe for
the Soviet Union at the outbreak of World War II. There he met Shostakovich,
with whom he became a close friend, and who urged him to move to Moscow in
1943. He eventually lived close to Shostakovich, and the two shared musical
ideas. Thanks to recordings and concerts by musicians such as Gidon Kremer, his
music is becoming more widely known internationally. If you have not yet
auditioned any of Weinberg’s music, this new Naxos release would be a fine
place to start.

The opening movement of the Clarinet Concerto, marked Allegro,
opens whimsically as the clarinet plays in its lower register, soon to be
joined by the strumming sounds of the lower strings, and then the upper strings
join in. The playful mood dissipates at about the 3:30 point, when the music
becomes brooding, quickly followed by a shift toward the dramatic. After a
minute or so of that, the pace becomes more driven, bursting into a gallop
before turning quieter and moodier, the tension building as the movement ends.
The Andante that follows begins in the strings, the clarinet not
entering for 90 seconds or so. When it does join in, the melody it plays is
wistful. The mood established is not quite tragic, but certainly serious. At
the nine-minute mark, the mood becomes very serious indeed, the music lower in
volume, ending in a chord that is followed immediately by a perky melody from
the clarinet. The Allegretto closing movement begins without pause, with
a five-note theme that gets repeated in various guises as the movement
continues. But then once again Weinberg shifts moods, the perkiness going away
at around the 4:30 mark. A couple of minutes later clarinetist Robert
Oberaigner performs a remarkable cadenza that is followed by an exuberant dash
to the finish line by the orchestra, with the five-note theme reappearing as
the movement and the piece come to an end. 

Next on the program is Weinberg’s Clarinet Sonata, for which
Oberaigner is joined by pianist Michael Schöch. The opening Allegro
begins with solo clarinet, but the piano quickly joins in as their melodies
commence to intertwine playfully. After a couple of minutes, the duo
decelerates, the music becoming more serious-sounding. From there, things get
more boisterous, almost martial in tone, shifting once again to take on an even
more serious, probing tone, slowing and easing down to the end of the movement.
Naturally enough, the following Allegretto movement starts off with a
jaunty melody from the clarinet, with the piano quickly joining in, both
instruments generating a feeling of forward motion. The mood soon becomes even
more demonstrative, with both instruments taking solo turns, but then the tempo
slows down significantly, the music becoming quiet and introspective,
ultimately fading into silence. Although it seemed perfectly natural for
Weinberg to have followed the sober ending of the first movement with the
playful opening of the second movement, he has a surprise up his sleeve for us
now, choosing to conclude the piece with an Adagio final movement. For
the first couple of minutes we hear nothing from the clarinet, the piano
soloing until the clarinet eventually enters. The music feels restless and
unsettled, seemingly wanting to go into a dance but just not being able to
muster sufficient energy. After some funereal chords from the piano, the
clarinet enters with a yearning melody. The piece ends with a slow melody on
the clarinet followed by more chords from the piano.

The cover illustration for this CD is from a painting by Gustav Klimt
titled Birch Forest I. The opening Lento movement of the Chamber
Symphony No. 4  can evoke the
feeling of walking in such woods, alone, contemplating some or another matter,
or perhaps trying to ascertain just where you are and where you are going. Are
you lost? Beginning softly on the strings, the simple melody is haunting and
ruminative. The clarinet comes in after three minutes have gone by, taking up
the restless, unsettled mood for a while until dropping out and letting the
strings take back over. Before the ending, the mood and tone change once again,
almost as if the wanderer in the woods has shifted concerns to another issue
before the movement fades out at its end. The second movement, marked Allegro
molto – Moderato, adopts a more outgoing feeling, evoking a sense of
motion, of being in a hurry. Not necessarily frantic, but certainly determined.
A four-note theme emerges in the strings, until a clarinet solo, followed by a
violin solo, wand then finally a cello taking the lead until the end of the
movement. The third and longest movement, marked Adagio — Mosso, darts quietly,
led by clarinet and cello, the music featuring a brooding melody as the strings
take over. Toward the end, of the movement, the music becomes softer, almost
ethereal, leading without pause into the final Andantino — Adagissimo
movement as the clarinet changes the mood once again, playing above the
strings, At about the five-minute mark, tension builds, than the clarinet takes
a solo in its lower register, shifting the tone to become very brooding and
inward-looking, the piece ending in the bass strings. Although the clarinet
plays a significant role in proceedings, this truly is a chamber symphony, not
a concerto by any means, but a  truly
moving and remarkable work.

Despite their sometimes serious, even brooding moods, all three pieces
are tonal, melodic, and entertaining. The recorded sound is excellent, with the
clarinet not given undue prominence in the mix in the orchestral works
(recorded in Dresden) and the piano and clarinet blending well in the sonata
(recorded in Innsbruck), neither instrument being captured too closely by the
microphones. The liner notes are informative, although printed in teeny-tiny
font. However, thank goodness that Naxos had the decency and common sense to
use black font on a white background. Especially if you are a fan of the
clarinet, and even more so should you happen to enjoy the music of Shostakovich
(or, of course, if you are already familiar with and a fan of Weinberg), you
should find this relatively unknown music by a somewhat overlooked composer to
be a pleasurable discovery indeed.

Bonus Recommendation: So many recordings, so little
time… As I state in my brief Classical Candor bio, I am a music lover
who enjoys getting and giving recommendations of recordings. Because our focus
is generally on newer releases, I thought it might be fun (at least for me) and
interesting (perhaps, at least occasionally, for you) to pass along brief
recommendations of CDs that are older, occasionally even out of print, but well
worth a listen. These will not be full reviews, just recommendations with a
snip of description and a snatch of commentary. I hope you find them to be
useful, or entertaining, or at least not an utter waste of time. Here goes…

My first bonus recommendation is for a compilation of music by the
remarkable Ukrainian composer Valentin Silvestrov (b. 1937) titled Moments
of Memory II (Naxos 8.573598). By the way, the album title is actually the
title of one of the compositions, so don’t bother trying to find a CD titled Moments
of Memory I.  The performers include
pianist Iryna Starodub and the Kiev Virtuosi under the direction of Dmitry
Yablosnky. The half-dozen compositions are essentially gentle, soothing, almost
dreamlike in character. At the same time, there is enough going on to intrigue
the intellect and stimulate the imagination. In these troubled, turbulent
times, this is music that can be a significant source of sonic succor.

KWN

To listen to a brief excerpt from this album, click below:

Music for a Viennese Salon (CD review)

Music of Haydn, Kraus, and Dittersdorf. Night Music. Avie
AV2423.

By John J. Puccio

Let’s start at the beginning. First, just what is “salon
music”? Meriam-Webster defines it as “instrumental music of a light, pleasing,
and often sentimental character suitable for the drawing room rather than the
concert hall.” Such events became popular in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries, with a soloist, usually a pianist, or a small chamber ensemble
entertaining friends and family in the home “salon.”

The present album attempts to replicate just such an event
from real life. According to a booklet note, “It is the first year of the 19th
century, and Palais Arnstein, a focus of Vienna’s intellectual and cultural
life, hosts a performance of three remarkable works: a demanding ‘symphonic’
quintet and a ‘soloistic’ symphony are performed with the same musical forces.”
The third piece is a duet, thereby raising the question of where we can draw
the line between chamber and orchestral music.

Next, who are Night Music? They are a Philadelphia-based
chamber ensemble of six musicians who perform on period instruments and are
dedicated to the music of the revolutionary era (roughly 1760-1850). Its
players are Steven Zohn, eight-keyed flute; Rebecca Harris, violin; Marika
Holmqvist, violin; Daniel Elyar, violin; Rebecca Humphrey Diedrich, cello; and
Heather Miller Lardin, violone.

Night Music here play the exact salon concert presented in
Vienna in 1801. The program begins with the Quintet in D for flute and
strings by Joseph Martin Kraus (1756-1792), a work that at the time had
only recently been published (1799) by a composer who died young. More than one
commentator at the time remarked that the Quintet was closer to a flute
concerto than anything else, and it’s hard to argue the point. Steven Zohn’s
flute does, indeed, dominate the music, the strings lending sympathetic support
and even a little interplay. The Largo, based on a theme and variations,
is particularly delightful and allows the other instruments a bit more room.
The ensemble play it with a healthy zest, although the tempos and contrasts are
never so extreme as to be tiring. It’s simply pleasant listening.

Next comes the Duetto in E flat for viola and violone
(double bass) by Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (1739-1799). While it obviously
employs an unusual combination of instruments, it is a charming piece of music,
even if it is rather brief. Remarkably, neither instrument overpowers the
other, the two moving effortlessly together almost as one singing mechanism.
The music may be somewhat light, but Dittersdorf fills it out with an abundance
of melodic tunes, and his choice of instrumentation lends an added weight.

The third and final work on the program is a
chamber-ensemble arrangement of the “Surprise Symphony,” No.91 in G, by
Joseph Haydn (1732-1809). The violinist and impresario Johann Peter Salomon,
who had been key to bringing Haydn to London several years earlier, transcribed
the symphony for flute and strings. One might be forgiven for not noting the
absence of a full orchestra in this small chamber edition. Night Music play it
with such lyrical grace and refined gusto that one would think Haydn had
intended it this way all along. Whatever, it makes for an engaging change of
pace.

Producer Erin Banholzer and engineer Loren Stata recorded
the music at Immanuel Highlands Episcopal church, Wilmington, Delaware in
August 2018. The engineer miked the ensemble at a moderate distance, providing
plenty of air in front of, behind, and to the sides of the group. It enhances
the realism of the occasion, and it’s a blessed relief from the closely miked
affairs we usually get with chamber orchestras. Plus, the small size of the
ensemble provides excellent detail and clarity.

JJP

To listen to a brief excerpt from this album, click below:

Brahms: Piano Concerto No. 1 (CD review)

Leon Fleisher, piano; George Szell, The Cleveland
Orchestra. HDTT 4311.

This review is dedicated to the memory of Leon Fleisher,
who passed away on August 1, 2020.

By Bill Heck

Brahms’s music, especially his comparatively earlier works,
are the products of a passionate nature. Oh yes, I know, I know the image: Papa
Brahms, the bearded, cigar smoking figure creating dense orchestrations, with
“passionate” being the last word that might come to mind. But one listen to the
opening of this concerto, or of, say, the First Symphony, should dispel
that image. Surely the first movement of the First Piano Concerto, and
even more so the Andante of the Second Piano Concerto, suggest
conversations between two lovers, the first a fiery one of youth, the latter
more mature but even more deeply felt. (I leave to others the speculation that
the love interest was Clara Schumann.)

Similarly, George Szell seems to have had a reputation as a
coldly analytical interpreter of classics. But how could anyone possibly hear
this recording and think that? Szell and his Clevelanders understood the smoldering
passion of Brahms’s music and delivered the performance that it deserves – and
they had the chops to do it. One of the most precisely honed orchestras of the
20^th century, the Cleveland players dig in from the start,
clarifying Brahms’ complex passages with impeccable playing, the relatively
quick but never rushed tempos befitting an irresistible force. Fleisher
provides a counterpoint: plenty of power when needed, but grace and delicacy in
quieter moments.

I distinctly remember finding a copy of this performance on
the Odyssey label, at that time Columbia’s bargain imprint. In hindsight, I
suppose that the sound was wretched, even by the standards of the day, but it
didn’t matter. As the opening notes crashed from the speakers, the hair on the
nape of my neck rose: the musical gods had descended from Olympus to play for
us. That initial shock wore off, but I remain convinced that the
Fleisher/Szell/Cleveland recording is one of the classics.

But if the good news is that the performance is wonderful,
the bad news is that Columbia in 1957 (HDTT has it as 1958) was not in the
forefront of great recorded sound. Their recordings of the Cleveland Orchestra
were particularly concerning, with a sad tendency toward wiry highs and missing
lows. (Legend has it that Szell himself was part of the problem. Supposedly his
mono audio system had one speaker sitting directly on the floor, which led him
to complain about muddy sound, with predictable adjustments by the recording
engineers.) Fortunately, when Sony acquired the Columbia catalog some years
ago, they remixed and reissued many of the recordings of the earlier era. I
have the resulting set of the Concertos 1 and 2 in a double
cardboard sleeve with copious liner notes – nice job, Sony! – and that version
remains available, minus the cardboard packaging. The same performance, in what
I believe to be the same remastering, has shown up in various compilations and
combinations ever since. So how does the HDTT high-resolution transfer stack up
in comparison?

Such a simple question, but surprisingly complicated to
answer. Remember that the Sony version(s) seem to have gone through a complete
remastering, while the HDTT transfer is taken directly from an early generation
tape, described as “Transferred from a 4 track tape.” Even a cursory comparison
shows that the Sony engineers, for reasons that are understandable but with
effects both good and bad, made some significant adjustments. The most obvious
is a redoing of tonal balance. The HDTT version, which I assume is closer to
the original, exhibits a significant resonance in the upper bass/lower
midrange, giving the sounds a “tubby” character. This effect, in turn, more
obviously betrays the tape’s age. It just sounds like an old recording; by
comparison, the Sony version sounds more modern. The question of tonal balance
is not a complete showstopper, but it certainly is noticeable. Moreover, the
HDTT is pitched slightly lower than the Sony version. That’s not a big deal for
those not blessed with perfect pitch, but it is immediately apparent on
comparison. Next, on the HDTT version, the upper strings (violins) are slightly
more likely to shriek, sounding more aggressive than in real life. And finally,
the piano is a little farther forward – not in a good sense, as it obviously
was close-miked.

So far, the Sony version is ahead on points. Indeed, if you
never heard the HDTT version, you certainly could appreciate, even love, the
performance as rendered by Sony. (If I could be awed by that Odyssey LP, the
Sony CD certainly should impress!)

But. Further listening to the HDTT version slowly revealed
its virtues. I found that I was hearing many details just a little more
clearly, that the image had just a little more depth. The lower strings, cellos
and double basses were a little easier to follow. The dynamic range, at least
subjectively, seemed greater. When I returned to the Sony version, it sounded
comparatively flat, somewhat two-dimensional, in comparison to the slightly
more lifelike HDTT sound. As a bonus, the quieter passages for solo piano in
HDTT sound were simply wonderful. For example, at about 5:45 in the first
movement, the piano plays alone, gradually joined by the softest of
accompaniments from the orchestra. Fleisher’s work in this section is
heart-stoppingly beautiful, a wonder of pianistic touch. That beauty comes
through in the Sony version, but it comes through even more clearly in the HDTT
transfer.

So which version is “better”? Clearly the overall tonal
balance of the remastered Sony version simply is superior. It took me awhile to
get past the unfortunate balance of the HDTT transfer, and I can imagine that
some listeners might never make the adjustment. The Sony version generally
sounds more tidied up, more modern. But. But. But…those details, that depth,
seeing – or rather hearing – just a little further into the music….

In the description above, you will have noticed repeated use
of terms such as “slight” and “a little”; that was intentional, as the
differences that work in favor of the HDTT version were not blindingly obvious
at first listen. In the end, while I could understand another’s decision to
stay with the commercial CD, I would go for the HDTT transfer.

BH

The French Album (CD review)

Music of Faure, Debussy, Rameau, Chabrier, and Ravel.
Jorge Federico Osorio, piano. Cedille CDR 90000 197.

By John J. Puccio

Jorge Federico Osorio may not be the most-familiar name
among concert pianists, but he is assuredly among the best. The Mexican-born
Osorio (b. 1951) has always avoided the flash and flamboyance of so many of his
colleagues in exchange for graceful, refined playing, and it seems to have paid
off. He has produced dozens of first-rate record albums of solo, sonata, and
concerto music for EMI, Naxos, ASV, Artek, IMP, Linn, CBS, and others, his
most-recent recordings on the Cedille label.

This addition of “The French Album” to his discography is
a perfect example of his technique. It includes music by Faure, Debussy,
Rameau, Chabrier, and Ravel, all of it done up in as gentle yet as passionate a
style as one could want. Here’s a rundown of the disc’s contents:

Gabriel Faure (1845–1924)
  1. Pavane
Claude Debussy (1862–1918)
  2. Les collines
d’Anacapri
  3. La terrasse
des audiences du clair de lune
  4. Clair de lune
  5. Ce qu’a vu le
vent d’Ouest
  6. Voiles
  7. La Cathedrale
engloutie
  8. Feux
d’artifice
  9. Feuilles
mortes
Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683–1764)
10. Les Tricotets
11. Menuets I & 2
12. L’Egyptienne
Emmanuel Chabrier (1841–1894)
13. Habanera
Claude Debussy
14. La Puerta del Vino
15. La soirée dans Grenade
Maurice Ravel (1875–1937)
16. Alborada del gracioso
17. Pavane pour une infante défunte

Among the things I’ve written about Osorio in the past
apply here. So, to quote myself, he plays with beauty and charm, a delicate
touch, and a genuine grace, with expressive, nuanced singing in his piano
playing. He is a richly expressive piano virtuoso of international fame, and in
my experience has never demonstrated anything but sensitive, immaculate,
committed, passionate playing, a most-refined pianist whose best work comes in
expressively lyrical passages. In “The French Album” he finds amply opportunity
to demonstrate all of those talents, particularly in the “expressively lyrical”
material, which comes in abundance from the French masters.

Osorio bookends his program with a pair of pavanes by
Faure and Ravel respectively. They are perfect pieces for exemplifying his
gentle yet commanding style. A pavane is “a stately dance dating from the 16th
century,” and Osorio plays both of them with a stately grace, just as he plays
everything on the agenda with a courtly polish.

The Debussy items dominate the album. Osorio gives them a
free expression. I read the other day someone expressing the opinion that
Debussy ushered in the modern age of classical music, and you’ll get no
argument from me. With Debussy’s brilliant tone colors, expressionistic and
impressionistic in style, lush and subtle at the same time, he certainly
created a new musical world. Osorio exploits this new world superbly, his tone
colors nuanced and unmistakable, his touch as delicate as the occasion demands.
This is playing one can feel, and it feels good.

As I said at the beginning, there are flashier pianists
than Osorio, but there are none finer. In this album of French music, he is in
his element. If I were forced to pick a favorite selection, it might be
Chabrier’s Habanera, not just because it’s beautiful music, but because
it is Spanish-influenced music in the French manner, wonderfully executed by
Osorio, who combines the best of both worlds.

Producer James Ginsburg and Cedille’s ace engineer Bill
Maylone recorded the music in the Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts at
the University of Chicago in January 2020. The sound is gorgeous: not too sharp
or bright; not too dull or soft. It simply sounds like a real piano in a real
hall setting, with just the right amount of ambient bloom, room acoustics, and
lifelike detail to bring it to life.

JJP

To listen to a brief excerpt from this album, click below: